William Faulkners As I Lay Dying Country Songs - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2348 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/08/15 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: As I Lay Dying Essay Did you like this example? William Faulkner was an American writer and Nobel prize winner. He was born in Oxford, Mississippi. Faulkner wrote novels, short stories, screenplays, poetry, essays, and plays. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "William Faulkners As I Lay Dying Country Songs" essay for you Create order Everybody knows that Faulkners fiction is alive wither sound of African American music. In Soldiers Pay, individuals first dance to a blues orchestra and then listen to the singing of a country church, while Flags in the dust includes scenes in which Elnora sings Gospel as she works for the Sartorius family, a blind street musician performed the blues in the town square. Young Bayard Sartorius enlists a Negro band to entertain the unmarried women of Jefferson. That evening sun famously takes its title from W.C. Handy St Louis Blues a song most remembered and recorded by the Empress of the Blues, Bessie Smith. A lot of critics have addressed these and other blues moments in Faulkners stories. H.R. Stone back suggested that these individuals and events of Pantaloon in Black pulled from East Riders. While Jane Haynes notes provocative parallels between the blue ballads about Stag lee and the scene in Hamlet in which V.K. Ratliff imagines Flam Snoops defeating the Devil. From talking about the blues elements and African American musical traditions in Faulkners stories, It is surprising that scholars have said nothing about a body of Southern songs with which the Mississippi author is likely to been familiar, white folk or country tunes or hillbilly music. As record companies called it in the 1920s and 30s. Few of the critics who have the presence of popular culture in Faulkners stories so much acknowledge country music, almost half of them hardly discuss it in any specific detail. Hugh Ruppersburgs claim that Lena Groves opening statement in Light in August. I have come from Alabama, talks the first line of Stephen Fosters O Susannah Although the name Joe Christmass first love, waitress and prostitute Bobbie Allen involves Barbara Allen. She is a American folk ballad of love cruelly ended. Erich Nuns study of depictions of a variety of different music genres. These rare discussions of Country songs in Faulkners stories says that the authors novel of the early 1930s associate working class white individuals with such music. No scholar, has never examined specific references to country music in As I Lay dying. A narrator from this period that focuses almost upon the people who made and consumed hillbilly songs. Richard Grey suggested that As I Lay Dying has a special balladic quality, but most of it makes only a general observation that its strategy is similar to that of a folksong or ballad. In case in which a story was being remembered is given a significance by the sense of the other tales that lie behind it. Mark Lucas noted that only in passing that the Nobel resembles one of the most vulnerable forms of folk song and that is called the disaster ballad. Although , Its a fact that more than any other Faulkner novel , As I Lay Dying is common with allusions and parallels to a host of country songs recorded and released in the late 1920s. Arthurs like the fiction of Sherwood Anderson and James Joyce or the poetry of Homer and T.S. Eliot. The phrases, and attitudes of Southern Folklore. As they carry the body of Addie Bundren from the corner of Yoknapatawpha County to the town of Jefferson for the burial. The gender politics of folk song traditions and dramatizes country musics relationship to the culture which is known to be the twentieth century culture. No less, the Bundren families journey. The history of country music embodies tension between a region. Folk tradition on one hand, and an aggressively commercial, whether its modern, national, and potentially equal culture on the other. If it used to be common for scholars to read Faulkners attitudes toward mechanization, and pop culture as hostile, critics recognize the complex and multifaceted nature of the authors treatment of modernization. John Matthews for example, acknowledges that the Bundrens are constituted by the dialectical history of capitalist agriculture, commoditized economic and social relations, and the homogenizations of the mass culture. Although he complicates the traditional critical consensus when he noted that Faulkners novel also dramatizes mass movements that put others in touch with the energies of progress. In the story As I Lay Dying , paragraphs detailing Cash Bundrens desire for a graph phone and multiple allusions to country songs which is a genre once old fashioned, escapist commodity and engagement with reality. It is not so much that Faulkners novel tells of a families movement from rural backwater to modern city as some would say. After all in its factors that might stimulate the development of a mass market for phonograph records, a 1923 trade publication suggested that in addition to resolving isolation, lack of amusements, and long winter evenings with little or nothing to do, recorded music might fulfill the need for something that will influence the children to remain on the farm, rather than encouraging restless modern children to flee the country for the city. Bonnie Allens name in light in August for instance, could have been inspired by the appearance of Barbara Allen in myriad folklore. Musical shows at Oxfords Opera House, also at one time owned by Faulkners grandfather. Radio performances and recordings of that piece by such artists as Vernon Dalhart, and Newton Gaines. At the time of Faulkners appearance as a novelist in the mid to late 1920s, different cultural forms and new media were making folk songs everywhere. After the arrival of American radio, country music became an big part of the natio ns landscape. That is an initial half hour program of square dance music in 1923. The 3 radio stations soon after the arrival of American radio were Fort Worths WBAP was airing by 1927, they would be airing a regular Friday night country show. Then in 1924, WLS in Chicago would become the national barn dance program, and then in 1926, the year of Faulkners debut novel George D. Hay, a former reporter for the Memphis commercial appeal paper the Mississippis author read regularly proudly renamed his country show on Nashvilles WSM The Grand Ole Opry. As Bill Malone notes in these early days of American broadcasting, such programs were picked up by listeners as far away as New York, Canada, Hawaii, and Haiti. Never mind Mississippi. If Phono graph records couldnt compete with the radios ability to transform country music across major distances they would accept performances that listeners could enjoy repeatedly. The popularity in 1923 of a phonographic disc of Fiddling sung by John Carson encouraged companies to rush in to the South and the Southwest with their field units, recording almost any country musicians they could find. A more significant watershed occurred in 1927 when Ralph Peer utilized the new electrical recording during sessions in Bristol, Tennessee. He made the first phone graph records of two of the most important acts in country history, that is the Carter family and Jimmie Rodgers. The first great generation of country music on record coincided with the most prolific period of Faulkners career. During which the author developed his chronicle of Yoknapatawpha County in such works as the Sound and the Fury and other short stories as well as I Lay Dying. Stories of Faulkners antipathy later in recorded music are a legend, although it is probable that a man who identified Yes, Sir Thats My Baby as his favorite song and he also enjoyed listening to Bessie Smiths blues records on a phono graph. He discovered country songs during the late 1920s and early 1930s whether it was on the radio or on record. If Faulkner never did tune in to the Ole Opry or in Jimmie Rodgers Blue Yodel, he had the opportunity to become familiar with the lyrics of the traditional ballads and songs of numerous volumes of folklore that appeared during the first three decades of the twentieth century. The publication of Harvard professor Francis James Childs multi volume The English and Scottish Popular Ballads between 1882 and 1898 stimulated interest in traditional songs and folklore on both sides of the Atlantic. In the years after the composition of As I Lay Dying, anthologies of black and white American musical traditions who included Dorothy Scarborough, Howard W. Odom. As I Lay Dying ends with cash imagububg the Bundrens clustering around the new family phono graph, its novel constantly renewed by a stream of mail order records. This conclusion invites speculation as to the particular songs the family members will select and enjoy together. Will the luckless agriculturalist Anse find solace in Got the Farm Land Blues and will his new wife adjust from town habits to rural ways, appreciate that musical tale of hard times in the country, Down On Pennys Farm? How could such a woodworker as the eldest son, Cash, resist the lure of a record named The House Carpenter? Might not the bitterly resentful Jewel Pointedly choose A Lazy Farmer Boy as a critique of the families patriarch? Sing young Vardaman desires and electric locomotive he has flimpsed in a toy shop window, will he lobby for Jimmie Rodgers Waiting for a Train? Pregnant and unwed, would Dewey Dell dare order a song called Single Girl, Married Girl? Regardless of faulkners knowledge of country songs then, the scenarios, recurring topics, and popular verses of commercial hillbilly recordings of the late 1920s illuminate the implications of the ending of As I Lay Dying. Even if the author had only a passing familiarity with country music scene of his day. Faulkner and the first generation of country recording artists produced works that engage with the same essential themes, for example, to determinedly traditonalist Souths rapid initiation into modernity and the effects of this initiation upon gender, family, and human identities. The most explict instance of As I Lay Dying debt to country music is that its plot specifically talks about a spousal death, burial, and, rapid remarrriage. That is virtually identical to one stanza of a song recorded by Uncle Dave Macon in April 1926 and released on the Vocalion label that summer. The sixth verse of Way Down the Old Plank Road runs: My wife died on Friday night, Saturday she was buried, Sunday was my courting day, Monday i got married. Although the Bundrens take ten days to transport Addies coffin to Jefferson for burial, and upon their arrival, the widowed Anse secures a new wife within house, Macons bl ithe lyrics about his spouses death and instant replacement clearly anticipate both the overarching narrative and the climatic twist of Faulkners novel. Whether the author owned Macons record, He heard him perform the number on the Grand Ole Opry or simply was familiar with a folk tradition that informed the song is beside the point. Just as Macons song capsulate the main storyline of As I Lay Dying, the proposal remembered by Miss Emily speaks about specific elements of the narratives treatment of spousal death and burial. Like the backwoodsman who became wealthy Oxford citizen, the younger Anse is sufficiently affluent and eligible to court the town bred Addie, boasting of his ownership of a new house and a good farm. Like the proposal in Palmers story, Anse and Addies marriage ultimately hinges upon a arrangement regarding burial rights, years after their betrothal, Addie is careful to exact a promise from her indolent husband that he will have her buried in Jefferson. No less than Macons song and the proposal collected by Palmer, As I Lay Dying lays bare a rural culture in which the hard lives and early deaths of women were so co mmon that courtship and marriage involved considerations of female mortality. What is particularly striking about the ways in Faulkners novel is both Macons song and Palmers informant is that As I Lay Dying reverses the emphases of such antecedents, wrestling agency from the male speaker and it instead to the female protagonist. In Faulkners story, it is Addie, not Anse, who provides the graveyard humor and articulates a averring convert with funeral rites. in the narratives flashback to the couples courtship, the woman responds to the mans clumsy overtures with comedy and sharp authority. Although Anse is provincial to be intimidated by his potential brides urban origins, he suggests that he may be able to talk his way into acceptance by her family. They might listen After all, Addie responds, But theyll be hard to talk to Theyre in the cemetery. By joking about her deceased family, Addie both preempts and invites the customary marriage proposal by which a man promises to purchase his spouses coffin. Anse, however, lacks the grimly honest sense of humor, the knowledge of such a tradition, or they will necessary to make such an offer. Where the clumsy rural bachelor is capable only of awkward hints about why he has come to see Addie, the latter asks him saying Are you going to get married? and as she liters remembers it I took Anse. If Addies acceptance of Anses Timid proposal seals her into a life of childbearing and childrearing in which she is largely left of power or fulfillment, spousal burial obligations ultimately provide her with agency and leverage. Addie clearly has no expectation that Anse will be willing to expend resources upon the purchase of a coffin, even if it is one of the most distinctive and inevitable privileges a husband could normally expect to exercise. As Dianne Luce noted, Anse rejects the newfangled fashion for store bought caskets and remains committed to the pre-World War 1 tradition of homemade coffins. Anses abnegation of this thoroughly modern duty, leaves an opening for Addie to dictate the nature of her funeral rites, by exacting a pledges from her husband to take me back to Jefferson when I died, Addie enacts what she terms her revenge. Not only does she shin the Bundren plot at New Hope in favor of her old family cemetery, but she obliges the sedentary Anse to embark on a forty mile journey, with a coffin, across flooded rivers and through the heat of July.

There Are A Lot Of Reasons Why Students Will Procrastinate

There are a lot of reasons why students will procrastinate in today s world against doing their homework, whether it s not wanting to do the homework, not knowing how because they didn t listen in class, the distractions around them, not caring about the homework or especially the grade they receive or sometimes even forgetting about it because of how busy they are in general. Procrastinating can lead to a worse grade or even failing the class. The time management is slim to none and is horrible when a student procrastinates doing an assignment because they barely have anytime to get the work done. I have procrastinated on a lot of assignments throughout my life and still do, but now I have learned from these mistakes. Students will†¦show more content†¦The professor might be going way too fast for some students because not everyone is the same, everyone learns at a different pace and takes notes at a different pace. Students need to pay attention if they don t know how to d o it or understand it because it could lead to them falling behind or not learning anything from the class. If they do not understand what s happening in the lecture, they need to ask questions and get help so that they can figure it out and learn something. The second reason why students procrastinate is because they lack focus and motivation. Lacking focus on something leaves you feeling directionless about the assignment, class, life or your future (Frankton). If a student doesn’t connect to a class and doesn’t like it, they won’t have the motivation to put forth effort. Their motivation might not be set on doing their school work or might not have it set on anything. An incentive to provide motivation would be socializing with friends longer, more time for video games or buying something that you ve wanted for a while. They might need help getting through it. Students can get help from their professors, upperclassmen or other students in the class. They don t have the right dedication to finish working on the schoolwork. The students also might think that doing the work is too hard after reading the instructions on the work. So, they loseShow MoreRelatedThe Impact of Procrastination on College Students1277 Words   |  5 Pagesdistress (Solomon Rothblum, 1984). The intentional delay of due tasks is very common among students and lately, it has become prevalent in college settings (Rabin, Fogel Nutter-Upham, 2011). According to Semb, Glick and Spencer (1979), the level of procrastination increases as an individual stays longer in universities. It was stated by Ellis and Knaus (1977) that approximately, over 70% of college students engage in this activity. Undergraduates tend to start papers during the last minute; theyRead MoreStrategies for Overcoming Procrastination1081 Words   |  5 PagesSpirit Up, 2010). 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We may have been preoccupied those couple of weeks, with a job, or sports; maybe even putting together a fundraiser of some sort. Or maybeRead MoreSouth Suburban Physiology Online Class Title Page1436 Words   |  6 PagesSouth Suburban Physiology online class title page : Why do you procrastinator so much ! Martell C Williams South Suburban Community College Abstract The problem is that I procrast when it come with school and work.In the past year I didnt do well in this same class end of having to drop the class in the main reason why is because I would wait last minture to do the work or go online. It cause me to be late and I tuned in the assessment last minute.   I wait last minute to do everything.   My hypothesesRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School1532 Words   |  7 Pageschanging experience This stance can hold true for many reasons regarding the positive aspects for the completion of a college degree. Students should attend college directly after high school because they are more experienced and have great opportunities and benefits rather than waiting to go later on in life. Even though furthering one’s education can cause a lot of tension on a person, one will be rewarded in the end for their unique outcomes. On reason an individual would want to pursue a college degreeRead MoreThe Reasons behind Procrastination2371 Words   |  10 Pagesindividuals, the theories on understanding why people procrastinate generally tend to be grouped into four different perspectives: differential, motivational and volitional, clinical and situational psychology (2013). These psychologies discuss all of the behavioral, biological and cultural aspects of procrastination. Something that must be noted is that the lines between these psychologies are blurred and it is difficult to place a reason on why an individual procrastinates in solely one area. The differentialRead MoreThe Effects Of Negative Habits On College1681 Words   |  7 Pagessleep deprivation, and procrastination impact minority students more than non-minority students. Many students go off to college every year and do not stay on track. They begin college with the best of intentions: go to class, excel, and eventually graduate. College is very fun, but it is also a time in your life where you have to learn what to put first, and what can wait for later. Some students such as minority students forget the reason why they go to college. They start to acquire up all kindRead MoreIdentifying The Neural Substrates Of Procrastination Essay1368 Words   |  6 Pagesmillions of people across the world tend to procrastinate on projects, and these researchers were interested to see what causes it neurologically. The idea of procrastination is becoming a phenomenon among researchers and more and more are trying to study it. The experiments took place at Southwest Universit y in China and approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Faculty of Psychology. The participants were 95 female students and 37 male students who were all around the age of 21 (Zhang, WRead MoreAcademic Procrastination and Motivators Essay2098 Words   |  9 Pagesbefore yesterday. A lot of people today will actually experience procrastination in their everyday life, and is not looked at as a problem until it interferes with peoples’ ability to work and if it creates psychological and physical discomfort. Students often procrastinate and most research is observing the college students likeliness to procrastinate. To look at only college students would be bias however since it affects everyone, almost every day. To find out why people procrastinate, looking at personalityRead MoreWe Must Work to Overcome Procrastination Essay1486 Words   |  6 Pagescollege students but it is actually a problem that is experienced by different demographic groups including: stay at h ome wives, workers, and children. And while our excuses may justify ourselves for a brief moment, there is still hope for those of us in desperate need of a transformation. Baldwin Wallace University reports on their website that 90 percent of college students procrastinate, of which 25 percent have chronic tendencies. Procrastination for some come into play when students are faced

Alternatives to Prison Summary Free Essays

need of â€Å"correction† than the prisoner. The caring communities have yet to be built. from Instead of Prisons: A Handbook for Abolitionists Why Decriminalize? Abolitionists advocate drastically limiting the role of criminal law. We will write a custom essay sample on Alternatives to Prison Summary or any similar topic only for you Order Now We do this not because we wish to encourage certain behaviour, but because we realize that criminal sanctions are not an effective way of dealing with social problems. There are far too many laws on the books. It would be prohibitively expensive to enforce them all. This results in unjust and arbitrary law enforcement. Powerless persons are imprisoned while more powerful persons go free. People of colour, first nations and poor people bear the brunt of unequal law enforcement. The crimes most frequently considered for decriminalization are those which are â€Å"victimless†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. offenses that do not result in anyone’s feeling that she has been injured so as to impel himher to bring the offense to the attention of the authorities †¦. behaviour not injurious to others but made criminal by statutes based on moral standards which disapprove of certain forms of behaviour while ignoring others that are comparable. A system â€Å"bursting at its seams† is perhaps the most visible effect of overcriminalization. Overcriminalization encourages the wide use of discretionary power in law enforcement. Because there is no complainant, police resort to questionable means of enforcement. Investigative techniques used to gather evidence are often immoral and sometimes illegal. These include entrapment, use of informers, wiretapping and use of constitutional rights such as illegal search and seizure, invasion of the right to privacy and self-incrimination. from Instead of Prisons Alternatives to Incarceration Imprisonment should be a last resort. The presumption should be against its use. Before any offender is incarcerated, the prosecution should bear the burden of proving in an evidentiary hearing that no other alternative exists. An equal burden should be required for the denial or revocation of â€Å"good time†, probation and parole, which really are only other ways of imposing imprisonment†¦ We should further reduce our excessive reliance on prisons by making extensive use of alternatives to imprisonment, such as fines, restitution, and other probationary methods, which could at least as effectively meet society’s need for legal sanctions. However, such alternatives must be made available to all people who have committed similar offenses, so as not to become a means for the more affluent to buy their way out of prison. And where some kind of confinement seems necessary, halfway houses, community centres, group homes intermittent sentences, and other means of keeping offenders within the community should be preferred to prison. from A Program for Prison Reform How to cite Alternatives to Prison Summary, Essay examples

Human Dignity and Worthiness Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Human Dignity and Worthiness. Answer: From ancient days, human dignity and goodness were maintained in various ways since there are issues that are put in place whether old or young, there is a relationship that is supported. The ways of preserving dignity in human life were maintained through observation of a particular belief of life which differed from one community to another. Beliefs were passed from one generation to another through some evolutions are experienced (Csikszentmihalyi, 2014). The evolutions were as a result of changes in the way of life and incorporation of new aspects which ensured that those things that are not necessarily creating worthiness or adding value are eliminated. For instance, in the traditional community, various elements were valued to a great extent which with time and introduction of Christianity the society changed. Apart from Christianity, there are economic, political and legal issues that are incorporated that are introduced and are subject to time. In this piece of work, the focu s will be various Christianity, economic, political and legal issues that are introduced which are utilized to maintain the dignity of humans and personalities. One of the most contributing thing to dignity and human goodness in the community is legal and governance way of living. A legal way of living provides justice to all as it cuts across all the ages that are of concern. In the in the legal perspective, some legal and regulations are set by the ruling class to ensure that the old respect the young as well as the affluent respects those who are poor. Wealth and age in some community were used as characteristics of governance which are evolving and being managed by the constitutions. The constitutions give the standards that are supposed to be followed by both the ruling class and the class without harming each other. Also, when offenses are committed a constitution provides the steps that are supposed to be taken towards the victim. Christianity, on the other hand, has played a critical role in ensuring that dignity has been maintained for all in the society. Some statements are in the Christianity that is observed as necessary from their dictation. Majority of this statements are associated with particular beliefs in that when an individual takes a particular action is subjected to a condemnation or even the destiny in which it will be adhered to. For instance, considering when an individual who is reaching engages in an immoral way of life, there is the likelihood that if he does not repent and dies, the destiny is hell where punishment will be passed. As a result, these theological teachings limit an individual regardless of class. The scriptures have the commandments as well as laws that lower those that are wealthy as well high in the ruling positions to be like servants (Himes, 2017). In this way, moral behavior is maintained. Internationally, some laws are set aside to control immoral behavior. Majority of the immoral actions that take place in the community are as a result of exploitations in which can be practiced. There have been agencies both governmental as well as non-governmental that are seen to control the way individuals relate with one another. Gender issues have turned out to be one of the concerns since the male had believed to be superior to the feminine which in way lowers the dignity of the latter. Gender equality has been advocated for in the community to ensure that whether one is man or woman, there is a place that is left in the community for each person. Considering the roles each one of them plays, it defines the extent of prosperity that is experienced. Rights, that each is entitled to regulate the extent to which manipulation can be practiced. For instance, there are issues of sexuality that have been given concentration since they raise issues to do with disrespect. Also, commercialism has been affected the way each relates with one another as they focus on the reward that they get (Mel Schlag, 2015). With this, sexual workers immerge who are treated as unworthy. With technology and education incorporation in the society, dignity and goodness of individuals can be maintained. References Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2014). Toward a psychology of optimal experience. InFlow and the foundations of positive psychology(pp. 209-226). Springer Netherlands. Himes, K. (2017). Catholic Social Teaching on Building a Just Society: The Need for a Ceiling and a Floor.Religions,8(4), 49. Mel, D., Schlag, M. (2015). Humanism in economics and business.

angola crisis essays

angola crisis essays In past centuries, Angola was among the areas most-devastated by the slave trade. In recent decades, it has been afflicted with wars. However, in both eras, much of the violence was driven by powerful external forces. This is because Angola, with an abundance of oil and other resources, could develop into a very prosperous country if led and controlled by the right power. In 1975 Angola was released from colonialism by Portugal. This pivotal event in history sparked the beginning of a massive conflict between many of the key players in world power. These key players included the United States, Cuba, China, and the Soviet Union. After reading three separate accounts of the crisis in Angola (U.S. Senate hearings led by Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, a personal memoir by 1975 Assistant Secretary of State Nathaniel Davis, and a biography entitled In Search of Enemies: A CIA Story by John Stockwell), I have come to several conclusions. Although these three men all held important positions in the U.S. government, multiple contradictions exist in their chronologies of events. Of the discrepancies I found, all of them put Stockwell in opposition with Kissinger and Davis. I believe this is due to his position in the Central Intelligence Agency, where the greater availability of information was his advantage. Moreover, since all three accounts agree that the U.S. involvement was essentially a covert operation led by the CIA, I feel the account written by Stockwell was the most valid of the three. When looking at the differences in chronologies, it is necessary to start from the beginning of the conflict. The first difference I found dealt with CIA involvement in Angola. Stockwell, an experienced, senior CIA case officer (Stockwell, 31), marked early July 1974 as the start of CIA support. In July 1974 the CIA began funding Roberto without 40 committee approval, small amounts at first, but enough for ...

What is Line Editing 4 Ways It Can TRANSFORM Your Book

What is Line Editing 4 Ways It Can TRANSFORM Your Book What is Line Editing, and What Can It Do For Your Book? (With Examples!) Whether you're dashing off a note to a colleague or listing your bike for sale on Craigslist, your writing could always use a second pair of eyes. But what is line editing specifically? A tool for occasions when the language itself really matters, it's not something you need every time you sit down to finish a work email. But a book - that's another story.For an author, a line edit can be the secret sauce that takes a manuscript from good to great - turning a solid story into a bestseller-in-waiting that's impossible to put down. This post takes a look at how exactly it can transform your book project. Find out what line editing involves right here. What is line editing?Line editing is the act of examining a piece of writing on the level of craft - making sure the language is creative and concise, while the content is consistent and compelling.Also known as stylistic editing, it fine tunes your manuscript's, well, style, making sure it's written in a way that complements what you're trying to say.Your goal as an author is to make sure you’re carrying off the premise behind your book as well as possible. Have you ever been disappointed by a book you were excited to read, because it fumbled a cool concept with a so-so execution? If so, you've read something that could have benefited from this type of editing.Did you know the definition of â€Å"line editing† changes depending on the country? This posts covers its US definition. But in Canada it refers to a type of editing between developmental and copy editing, and in the UK it's basically interchangeable with "proofreading".Because of this regional variability, we' ve chosen not to use "line editing" in our editing service definitions. But never fear- if you'd like someone to edit your book for style, look no further than a Reedsy copy editor! They'll take care of  both creative and mechanical issues in one pass. 4 things line editors will do for your bookHear the words "line editing," and you might picture sharp-eyed readers wielding pens, filling pages with red marks as they go through. And you’d be right: This type of editor really does approach manuscripts in this fine-grained way. Instead of working in broad strokes - say, by rejigging the relationships between chapters and arcs or playing with the overall worldbuilding in a book - they operate, like their name suggests, on the level of lines.Overall, line editors examine manuscripts for word choice, economy of language, and consistency of content while making sure they evoke the appropriate reader response. You won't have to worry about the process making your book soulless or generic - the point isn't to turn out robotically "good" style that reads like everybody else; it's to help you sound like the best version of your writerly self.Let's take a closer look at what this looks like in practice. Say you've just finished writi ng an 18th-century paranormal romance called State of Blood. The action-packed story seems destined for the big screen, and the star-crossed lovers feel so vivid we hear them talking to us when we dream. The grammar is flawless, and spell check has been working overtime. However, the prose could use some... finessing. So you hand your manuscript over to a line editor. Here are four of the main ways they’ll review your book.1. Polish the prose 💎The editor will ensure you're using strong, precise word choice - and no clichà ©s."As star-crossed lovers, Clothilde and Janus felt like the whole world was against them. It felt bad. Thinking about her fellow vampires' negative response to the Janus' meaty fragrance in her underground chamber, Clothilde couldn't help but weep tears of freshly consumed blood.""Star-crossed lovers" and "the whole world was against them" might accurately describe the state of your characters' relationships, but these are clichà ©s you’l l likely want to avoid.   Try to use stronger, more specific language that brings their situation to life. Instead of telling us how they feel, can you show us in detail?"bad" - weak word choice, too generalIs "fragrance" in "meaty fragrance" really what you want here? Why not "scent"? If the response is negative, do the vampires find it repugnant? Then try "odor." Maybe they don't like the smell because it's distractingly appetizing and makes them want to drink Janus’ blood. If that’s the case, make sure that comes across clearly.2. Trim the fat 🔠ªThe editor will ensure the syntax is clean and that there are no wasted words."Janus was on his way to a meeting of the wizard's council when he saw the broadsheets being passed out on the street that clearly had something to do with the embezzlement case Clothilde was investigating, even if he couldn't see the lettering very clearly. Clothilde's investigation of the embezzlement was not going well. His trip to the council meeting was also now going to be similarly derailed."The first sentence is really long and unwieldy. To make it easier for readers to navigate, try breaking it up and condensing the language. Maybe something like: "On his way to a meeting of the wizard's council, Janus saw broadsheets being passed out on the street. He couldn't make out the lettering, but they clearly had something to do with Clothilde’s embezzlement case."Unnecessary repetition. You don't need to write about "Clothilde's investigation of the embezzlement case" right after talking about "the embezzlement case Clothilde was investigating." (Repetition does have a place in your prose, however! To learn more, check out our guide to repetition.)In the last sentence, you don't need "also" and "similarly".3. Fill in the holes 🕠³The editor will look for plot and character consistency. "Clothilde gagged at the smell of blood. Janus regarded her, now clearly in pain, with mild disinterest."Isn't Clothilde a vampire? Her gagging at the smell of blood seems to be inconsistent with that.Why is Janus responding to her pain with "mild disinterest"? Aren't they supposed to be deeply in love?4. Mood and tone 🎠­The editor will ensure your writing is not  making readers laugh when you want to make them cry. "'Clothilde!' Janus screeched, as her eyes dimmed and dulled. The stake stuck out of her shapely chest at an angle that made it look like a light switch in the off position. The embezzler giggled. Janus glared at him indignantly and pulled the stake out with a squelching sound."This is meant to be the book's tragic climax, but the tone is off, making it come across as unintentionally funny. Try retooling your diction to convey the gravity of the moment. Take an especially hard look at things like "screeched," "giggled," "glared at him indignantly," and "squelching sound," which read a bit slapstick and make the stakes feel low.Is her death scene really an appropriate time to comment on Clothilde's "shapely" chest?The light switch simile is out of place because of the novel's historical setting - as an 18th century wizard, Janus wouldn't know what a light switch is!Why hire a professional line editor?Maybe your manuscript isn't in as rough a shape as State of Blood. But you still wan t some help tightening it up and making sure there aren't any gaffes that slipped past your notice. Do you have to shell out for a professional editor, or is this something you can DIY? How to Edit a Book: a 3-Step Guide to a Bestselling Novel Read post Do:âÅ"ӕ ¸  Set your manuscript aside for a couple of days- at least- before you go over it. Let your own language, likely as familiar to you as your heartbeat by now, to become new to you again. Only then should you approach it as an editor.âÅ"ӕ ¸  Read everything out loud to yourself. Do your sentences flow well? Does their order make sense? Does the dialogue sound natural coming out of a human (or vampiric) mouth? If you find yourself gasping for breath before the end of a sentence, consider slicing it up. If you stumble over a certain word, rework or cut it.âÅ"ӕ ¸  Do a style audit for your own, personal clichà ©s. Of course you want to avoid actual clichà ©s - expressions like â€Å"in the nick of time† and â€Å"raining cats and dogs† can make any piece of writing feel boilerplate. But writers should pay attention to their own stylistic quirks as well. These idiosyncrasies are a good thing, up to a certain point: they are the hallmarks of per sonal style. Just make sure you're not overusing them to the extent of irritating your readers. Do you use more em dashes more than full stops? Are your characters addressing each other by name so much your dialogue feels stilted? Do they constantly "chortle" instead of laugh or "declaim" their words instead of saying them? Maybe you have a good reason for making these choices. But maybe it’s time to consider making some changes.Don't:⠝Å' Become a thesaurus junkie. When it comes to precise and varied word choice, a writer's favorite reference tome can be extraordinarily useful. But signs of egregious thesaurus use are obvious and damning - transforming blue eyes into "ultramarine orbs" and bad feelings into "substandard affections." The resulting, tortured constructions read more freshman composition than Pulitzer Prize.⠝Å' Insult your reader. In editing your manuscript for clarity, you may be tempted to make some insertions in order to, well, clarify your prose. But d on’t go too far and end up unnecessarily spelling things out. Your readers are smart. They should be guided through the text by a similarly discerning author - not stuck with interpretive training wheels.⠝Å' Avoid asking for any help, ever. You've decided not to hire a professional, but that doesn't mean you're doomed to edit alone like a hermit in a tiny cell. Consider seeking out beta readers, sensitivity readers if necessary, or even running your writing questions by a friend, on- or off-line. Learn everything you need to know about line editing your own book here! Now that you’ve learned about this crucial type of editing, you can use that knowledge to turn out a book as polished as your ideas deserved! Whether you end up scouring the marketplace for professional assistance or engaging your inner editor, your manuscript will thank you for it.Have you ever worked with a line editor? Leave your experiences or questions in the comments below!

Improvement of Health Care Services Received by Indigenous People in Essay

Improvement of Health Care Services Received by Indigenous People in Australia - Essay Example This paper focuses on health care services received by Indigenous Australians and necessary policy changes to improve health outcomes for this population. Indigenous health In Australia, there are two groups of Indigenous population who have been in the country for more than 60,000 years: Aboriginal people from the Australian continent and the island state of Tasmania, and Torres Strait Islanders. These groups together comprise up to 2-4 percent of the total Australian population (Anderson et al., 2006, p.1776). Research has proved that the standard of general health of Indigenous Australians is much lower than that of the majority of Australians, and this would have been revolutionary matter if it had existed in the broader community. Periodically various reports are released regarding the appalling health conditions of the Aboriginal communities that create shock waves and induce demands for appropriate actions. However, such reports seem to have little impact on health policies fo r the Aboriginals and very soon the gravity of the situation is forgotten till the next report is released (Saggers & Gray, 2007, p.1). The differences in health conditions arise from social inequalities. Although some important elements are differences in accessibility of health services as well as differences in lifestyle, but major factors that determine unequal health status between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians are the circumstances under which they are born, grown up and work (Marmot, 2011, p.512). General population studies have proved that Indigenous Australians have greater mortality and disability rates at every phase of life than non-Indigenous Australians. This is because the former...This paper focuses on health care services received by Indigenous Australians and necessary policy changes to improve health outcomes for this population. Health care system provides beneficial packages to every member of the society with the objective of providing quality healt h care services to ensure enhanced health outcomes. The health care industry is always undergoing changes and is under constant pressure to deliver the best services. Public demand of quality health care services is increasing and the cost involved in providing these services is also increasing. There is wide disparity in the health conditions between the Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians. This has been accepted by the United Nations committees as part of their human rights issues and is accepted by the Australian governments. Indigenous health research can be a promising field considering there is efficiency and fairness in the research activities to improve medical services for the Aboriginal people. There should be sufficient planning and preparation, and the researchers should be communicating with the Indigenous communities and should work in collaboration with the people to ensure that research outcomes are practical, ethical and culturally sensitive. It is not required that new policies are designed or new strategies are made; instead the focus should be on executing the current Indigenous health programs in a more efficient and ethical manner. Focus should also be given on education to Indigenous people to enhance health awareness.